• Will Insurance Cover Addiction if it's Not a Disease?

    Posted on July 24, 2013
    Will insurance cover addiction if it's not a disease? Some highly vocal addiction recovery advocacy groups claim that addictions, or at least some addictions, are diseases. These groups argue that insurance coverage for addiction treatment is crucial for recovery, and that insurers will not pay for treatment if addiction is not understood as a disease. Therefore, they say, we need to keep insisting that addiction is a disease, and keep insisting that our insurers cover addiction treatment. Defining Diseases and Conditions However, insurers already pay for many conditions that are not diseases. For instance, broken bones, pregnancies, and the repair of congenital defects are not normally called diseases, but these conditions are covered by most insurance plans. The term that is relev...
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  • Why Do Some Avoid 12-Step Groups During Addiction Recovery?

    Posted on July 24, 2013
    Research shows that substance use disorder (SUD) patients who attend 12-step mutual help groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous experience reduced healthcare costs and better outcomes. However, many individuals with SUD never attend 12-step meetings, while others who attend initially do not follow through. The reasons for non-attendance and dropout of 12-step meetings have not been thoroughly studied. Kelly, Kahler, and Humphreys asked, “Why do individuals stop attending 12-step groups (and why do others refuse to attend meetings in the first place)?” (2009). These researchers suggest that the questions are important because 12-step groups are almost universally recommended as a component of drug rehab, addiction treatment and long-term addiction recovery. The Research:Why Do Some Avoid...
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  • Herbal Remedies and Acupuncture for Addiction Recovery

    Posted on July 24, 2013
    Traditional Chinese medicine revolves around herbal remedies and acupuncture for addiction recovery. Might these ancient therapies be successfully used in modern addiction treatment? Chinese and American researchers studied the existing evidence and concluded that, although more testing is need, some traditional remedies can compliment modern medicine for promoting addiction recovery (Lu et. al., 2009). What We Know The research team examined texts and computerized literature concerning treatment and neurobiology of herbal medicines as well as acupuncture for drug abuse and dependence. They found that acupuncture showed evidence for clinical efficacy in opiate withdrawal, but it showed poor efficacy for alcohol and nicotine withdrawal and relapse prevention. No large studies support...
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  • Heroin Addiction Treatment in Prison

    Posted on July 24, 2013
    The United States has the world’s highest incarceration rate. Approximately 10 million individuals are sent to prison each year, and more than half of them have a history of substance abuse. Further, more than 200,000 have a history of heroin addiction. A recent study suggests that the prison system could improve addiction treatment offered to inmates. Nunn et. al. found that opiate replacement therapy (ORT) with methadone or buprenorphine (Suboxone) is frequently neglected in prison, even though it has been proven to be an effective addiction treatment for opiate dependence that can reduce drug-related disease and rates of recidivism (2009).   What does the Survey Say about Heroin Addiction Treatment in Prison? The researchers surveyed medical directors from prisons across...
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  • Resolving The Core of Drug Abuse

    Posted on July 24, 2013
    Resolving the core of drug abuse David Jacobs, Ph.D. When I see a “drug abuser” in addiction treatment my primary concern is to help the individual understand how the past remains in the present and to consider how that past and present might be changed, with the goal of ending the costs that arise when drugs are used to solve emotional problems. I put “drug abuser” in quotes to avoid making a caricature of a real person. Treatment needs to be founded on the observation that everyone does their best given their background.  But it avails the “drug abuser” naught to focus on this truism.  Consider nutritional diseases.  It does not matter how much your childhood caregivers wanted to provide more nutritious food.  If in ignorance they failed to provide it, or if it was not available,...
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  • Detoxification From Addictive Substances

    Posted on July 24, 2013
    Detoxification from addictive substances A. Tom Horvath, Ph.D., ABPP Detoxification (“detox”), or withdrawal, is the period of time it takes your body to adjust to being without a substance which it is used to having regularly.  During this time period, a previous bodily “homeostasis” is restored, one based on not using the substance or substances.  This restored homeostasis is similar to the one you had before you started using the substances regularly. You might also be interested in: Medication-Assisted Treatment What is Homeostasis? Homeostasis refers to the body’s maintenance, by an ongoing balancing act, of a stable internal condition.  If you go scuba diving to a depth of 100 feet, your body adjusts to having that much additional weight pressing upon it.  We could say that...
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  • Residential Addiction Treatment: Possibly Helpful, Probably Not Essential

    Posted on July 24, 2013
    Residential addiction treatment: Possibly helpful, probably not essential A. Tom Horvath, Ph.D., ABPP The reason almost all health insurance companies have stopped paying for residential addiction treatment is that the effectiveness of residential treatment and outpatient treatment has been compared many times, with no advantage being found for residential treatment.  The July 1986, issue of the American Psychologist contains the definitive article (by Miller & Hester) on this subject.  Their article “reviews findings from 26 controlled studies, which have consistently shown no overall advantage for residential over nonresidential settings.”   You might question whether a 1986 article would still be relevant this many years later.  However, more recent evidence has not led to ...
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  • Levels of Care in Addiction Treatment

    Posted on July 24, 2013
    A. Tom Horvath, Ph.D., ABPP There are many places you might receive assistance for overcoming addiction.  These places are generally referred to as “levels of care.”  By understanding the levels available you can choose the level most suitable for you.  We start with the least complicated and expensive level and work up.  We leave out detoxification (withdrawal), which occurs across several levels depending on how severe it is.  A comprehensive list of US addiction treatment facilities, across all levels of care, is provided by the federal government: http://findtreatment.samhsa.gov/ Natural Recovery There is no professional or organized care involved at these levels of care in addiction treatment.  Natural recovery is the process of using your natural environment to help you chan...
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  • Do Women Need Specialized Alcohol or Addiction Treatment?

    Posted on July 24, 2013
    A. Tom Horvath, Ph.D., ABPP There are several significant differences between men and women concerning alcohol problems.  For instance, the same amount of alcohol (adjusted for weight) will have a bigger effect on a woman (because her stomach does not detoxify alcohol as effectively as a man’s stomach does), women may experience more medical complications (and these complications may be difficult to diagnose and therefore ignored longer), alcohol problems appear to develop (progress) faster in women, the effects of alcohol problems may be greater and more complex for women who have substantial responsibilities both at work and with their families, and the changing roles of women in society may create complications for women receiving adequate support for recovery (e.g., women seek tr...
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  • How Do I Choose: Individual or Group Sessions for Addiction Treatment?

    Posted on July 24, 2013
    How do I choose: Individual or group sessions for addiction treatment?  A. Tom Horvath, Ph.D., ABPP Are you searching for the “right” treatment center for you or a loved one?  This article is written to suggest that pre-established “programs” (individual or group sessions for addiction treatment) of treatment are not the best approach.  Rather, there are as many roads to recovery as there are individuals.  Treatment centers need to support you on your own path to recovery, not push you into a generalized recovery path that may be slightly helpful to many people, but not exactly helpful to anyone. Things to Consider When Considering Individual or Group Sessions If you were looking for the “right” center, there are many factors you would need to consider.  Are all of the substan...
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