By Tom Horvath, PhD “We are disturbed not by events but by our views about them.” - Epictetus, 50-135 CE The cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) tool known as cognitive reappraisal uses a fancy term for what is perhaps the fundamental idea of Stoicism: We can control our lives by controlling our “views” (or our “thoughts,” in the broad sense of that term). There are many terms for view or thought, including: perspective viewpoint perception belief interpretation model map cognitive structure cognitive schema internal representation construct knowledge structure life script personal mythology interpretive framework mindset inner theory of reality assumed context I’ll use the term “interpretation.”  We experience an almost...

By Tom Horvath, PhD One of the most basic principles of self-control is not to rely on it! Although our motivation (willpower, sense of purpose) can be very strong, there are times when it falls short of what is needed. An alternative approach to self-control is to control our environment. Then self-control is not needed. We can do this for ourselves, such as when we keep ourselves from not eating cookies at home by not purchasing them, or avoid drinking by not going to the holiday party, or avoid scoring by not going to that part of town. What is typically called “relapse prevention” mostly consists of finding ways to manage high risk situations, primarily by avoiding them. A relapse prevention plan is based on a thorough review of where, when, and with whom one has engaged in...

By Tom Horvath, PhD In 2022, the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) proposed a definition of recovery that begins: Recovery is a process through which an individual pursues both remission from alcohol use disorder (AUD) and cessation from heavy drinking. An individual may be considered “recovered” if both remission from AUD and cessation from heavy drinking are achieved and maintained over time. In case you missed it, note that unlike other definitions of recovery, this definition does not require abstinence. For decades the diagnostic manual, the DSM, has not required abstinence for a diagnosis of sustained remission, but this fact is often overlooked. NIAAA includes the following language later in the definition: Cessation from heavy drinking is def...

By Tom Horvath, PhD Thanksgiving is a few days away. The day after Thanksgiving (or Christmas, New Year’s Day, the Super Bowl, etc.), we often get calls about a substance binge the day before. The binge was so bad, is it time to go to rehab (residential treatment)? Below are some issues to consider when making that decision. I typically recommend AGAINST going to rehab, as I will explain. Every case is unique. In addition to the following considerations there may be many others. For many substances you need to taper off or get medical assistance (a detox). A brief admission lasting several days (up to a week or two) for detox is not the same as rehab, and it may be worthwhile. Would going to rehab please your family, rather than going because you need it? Do you have a family m...

Beyond the Twelve-User’s Guide: A Workbook for Navigating the Intersection of Addiction and Change (without the Twelve-Step programs), by Ryan Paul Carruthers A Review by Tom Horvath, PhD I stopped years ago attempting to keep up with new books about how to address addictive problems without using the 12 steps. There seemed to be so many! Unfortunately, it has taken more than books to sufficiently penetrate US awareness about the existence of the multiple pathways, “beyond the 12,” available to us. Much work remains to be done before “everyone seeking recovery from addictive behavior [is] informed about the full diversity of recovery options available and allowed to choose freely amongst them (p 5).” Nevertheless, progress is being made. Carruthers has made a worthy contributio...

How effective is ketamine for depression? By Tom Horvath Depression often coincides with addictive problems, as a cause or effect, or some combination thereof. Addressing depression, whatever its causal role, is often one of our main focuses at Practical Recovery. Fortunately, there are a wide range of methods for addressing depression, and we expect to be successful, in time, with nearly everyone. In recent years many clinicians have been interested in the possibility that ketamine is an effective antidepressant. (There is also interest in ketamine as a direct treatment for addictive problems, but for now we focus on depression). Any large urban area is now likely to have multiple ketamine clinics. A recently published study raises significant concern about whether, as with othe...

Substance use disorders slightly declined worldwide over the past 3 decades, but deaths increase 2.2 times. By Tom Horvath, PhD A recently published study (9/30/25) in the Frontiers in Psychiatry reported that although the presence of substance use disorders (both new cases—incidence, and existing cases--prevalence) has declined slightly around the world since 1990 (to 2021), substance-related deaths have increased 2.2 times. Increases in deaths were most prominent in North America, with an 11.2 times increase. The study was conducted with publicly available datasets from https://ghdx.healthdata.org. These datasets are collected and maintained by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington, Seattle. [The IHME] provides rigorous and ...

A slight improvement in California law for addressing complaints about addiction treatment By Tom Horvath, PhD AB 424 was signed by the governor on 10/3/25. The bill is quite brief! It adds a section (11834.33) to the Health and Safety code about how the Department of Health Care Services (DHCS) is to address a complaint from the public about an alcohol or other drug recovery or treatment facility. The primary requirements of this 125-word bill are: (a) Within 10 days of the date of the complaint, provide notice to the person filing the complaint that the complaint has been received. (b) Upon closing the complaint, provide notice to the person filing the complaint that the complaint has been closed and whether the department found the facility to be in violation of this ch...

Practical Recovery’s Free Psychoeducation Group Every Wednesday at 9AM by Zoom, Practical Recovery offers a free one-hour psychoeducation group to all current and past clients. This group has existed for over 10 years. It has regular participants, some of long standing. If it were a SMART Recovery group, we’d call it a “check-in” meeting. We go around the room (I call on people one by one). Depending on the size of the group, you get one to a few minutes to tell us what is on your mind. If you are new to the group, I call on you near the end. However, you can “pass.” No one is required to participate. Because from time to time it is good to review and update our regular activities (e.g., clean out our drawers, closets, and cupboards, reorganize our hard drives), I have been review...

By Tom Horvath, PhD For many of us a good life is a happy or a meaningful one (or some combination). However, in recent years a group of psychologists has proposed a third guideline: “psychological richness.”  On their deathbeds the happy might say “I had fun.” Those with meaningful lives might say “I made a difference in the world.”  Those pursuing psychological richness might say, ”what a journey I had” or “that was an adventure!” These three approaches can be and probably often are combined. You can pursue happiness by creating or finding satisfaction, well-being, and even joy. You can pursue meaning by looking for connection with others, purpose, and making the world a better place. If you add the dimension of pursuing personal growth, you can keep working to expand your persp...